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What does humanism mean?

? The guiding ideology of Renaissance culture. The term "humanism" originates from "Studiahumanita tis", which refers to the study of classical scholarship and the new trend of valuing life reality during the Renaissance period. At that time, new cultural figures referred to themselves as "humanists". After the 19th century, the European academic community began to use the term "humanism" to refer to this social trend. The basic tendency of humanism is to advocate "humanity" to oppose "Shintoism", advocate human rights to oppose monarchy, advocate individual liberation to oppose the religious shackles and all remnants of the Middle Ages, hence it is also known as humanitarianism. For the sake of distinction, China tends to refer to this trend of thought during the Renaissance as humanism, while those after the Renaissance are called humanitarianism. During the period when feudalism dominated Europe, the Christian Church controlled cultural and educational ideas. With the emergence of capitalist economy, the emerging bourgeoisie demanded to break free from theological rule in their thinking, and humanism emerged. Humanism originated in Italy, especially the Republic of Florence, and emerged in the second half of the 14th century under F. Petrarch. G. The first group of humanists led by Boccaccio. The humanistic movement had already flourished in Italy in the 15th century and spread throughout Germany, France, England, and various parts of Western Europe in the 16th century. Humanism mainly opposes the asceticism dogma of religious theology, affirms life, praises humanity, and criticizes the darkness and ignorance of church rule. Humanists believe that the classical culture of Greece and Rome is the essence of all secular cultures, so they spare no effort to study and study classical culture, respect it as a good teacher and helpful friend, and call the new culture the revival of classics. However, humanism does not fundamentally oppose religion and the church, and its emphasis on humanity also goes beyond the limitations of bourgeois individualism in some aspects. Humanism broke free from the constraints of feudal churches during the Renaissance, and under the influence of this ideology, many brilliant cultural and artistic masterpieces emerged. Humanism also played an important role in educational reform, excavation, and organization of ancient books, laying the foundation for modern education and humanistic research in Europe. Due to the emphasis on reality and free thinking advocated by humanism, it provided ideological weapons for the two great historical movements of the Renaissance, the Reformation and the rise of natural sciences. Conceit:In English literature the term is generally associated with the 17th century metaphysical poets.Metaphysical Conceit = is an extended metaphor with a complex logic that governs a poetic passage or entire poem.It usually sets up an analogy between one entity’s spiritual qualities and an object in the physical world and sometimes controls the whole structure of the poem. "The flea" is a good example for metaphysical conceit .John Donne used many metaphysical conceits in “The Sun Rising” too . If there are two syllables in a step, the former being light and the latter being heavy, then this step is called an iambic step, and its professional terminology is (iamb, iambic). Light reading

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